
plot of the limit cycle (see the Mathematica command lines in Chapter 3). I'll compare that to the ExclusionsStyle method here. A limit cycle, say,, is a stable limit cycle if +(x) for all x in some. Cycle graphs are illustrated above for some low-order modulo multiplication. You want the circles to sit only on one side of a discontinuity to indicate which side holds the value. The online calculator you gave gives the same result as WA and Mathematica.

The purpose of the circles is to mark discontinuities, but if I understand you correctly you don't want exactly the same as in this linked question where the ExclusionsStyle option is discussed. Download Wolfram Notebook Analytic representations the symmetric triangle wave with period 2 and varying between and 1 include (1) (2) (3) where is the fractional part of. In this paper we obtain the upper bound for the upper paired-domination number and we determine the extremal graphs achieving this bound.
