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In reflex actions the nerve impulses jump from one node to the other rather than travelling through the axon. The gaps in the myelin sheath are called the Nodes of Ranvier. It allows for the quicker and efficient transmission of electrical impulses through the nerve cells. It is made up of proteins and fatty acids. The neuron also consists of myelin sheath which is an insulating layer formed around nerves. It helps in communicating with target neurons.

These are structures that are responsible for the release of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine. O Axon terminal – This is the region of the axon that contains synapses. This makes it an extremely important site in the structure of neuron. These channels are responsible for the initiation of the action potential which is then carried forward. It has a great density of voltage-dependent sodium channels. O Axon Hillock – This is the part of the axon which emerges from the soma. Even though it is a single protrusion when originating from the soma, at its terminal it undergoes extensive branching that enables it to communicate with multiple cells. It is responsible for the transmission of the signal away from the soma to other neurons.

Axon – It is a single protrusion coming out of the soma.

They are responsible for receiving the information from the axons and relaying it further.

Dendrites – They are cellular extensions that join with various axons from neighbouring neurons.

Soma – It contains the nucleus and most of the protein synthesis occurs here.

The structure of a neuron consists of the following: It acts as a connector between the CNS to the limbs and organs.

PNS ( Peripheral Nervous System) – It consists of the nerves and ganglia excluding the brain and Spinal cord.It integrates the information that we receive from outside processes and influences the activity of all the parts of the body. CNS (Central Nervous System) – It consists of the brain and the spinal cord.This electric potential is developed due to a quick change of voltage gradient, which is maintained across the membrane in a neuron. This relay network is absolutely essential for the transmission of electrical and chemical signals from the stimulus to the brain or spinal cord and back again to the motor or effector organs of our body. The structure of neurons is designed in such a way that dendrites can receive a signal from multiple neurons and the signals are then transmitted forward with the help of an axon. The dendrites and axon are generally a protrusion from the soma. Typically, a neuron consists of a cell body (Soma), dendrites and an axon.